What is a health insurance deductible?
A health insurance deductible is the amount a consumer has to pay for covered services or medications before their insurance plan starts to pay. A deductible is a component of cost sharing. Covered medical expenses are added to or accumulated toward a deductible over the course of a year and then start over the next year. (Medicare Part A works differently, with deductibles that apply per benefit period rather than per year.)
Once a policyholder meets their plan’s deductible, most plan holders typically pay only a copayment or coinsurance for additional covered healthcare services or therapies used, up to an out-of-pocket maximum.
But under the Affordable Care Act, all non-grandfathered major medical plans have to cover certain preventive care with no cost-sharing, which means the insurer pays for these services even if the member has not met their deductible.
Why do I have more than one deductible?
Health insurance plans may have multiple deductibles. For example, your policy may have both individual and family deductible limits. Most plans also have a separate deductible if you use medical providers (doctors, hospitals, pharmacies, etc.) who are outside the plan’s provider network. Your deductible will generally be higher if you use an out-of-network provider. Your plan may also have separate deductibles for medical and prescription drug benefits.
If you switch plans part way through the year, you’ll generally have to start over with a new deductible on your new plan. This is common, for example, if you leave a job where you had employer-sponsored health coverage, and switch to an individual market plan or a new employer’s health plan mid-year.
How can I find out what my deductible will be?
Health plan websites or printed marketing materials provide deductible and other cost-sharing information. Don’t sign up for a plan without carefully reviewing all the terms of the coverage and comparing all costs (not only deductibles, but also premiums and copay/coinsurance amounts). If you or a dependent have a chronic illness, it may be more cost-effective for you to select a plan with a higher premium, but a lower deductible. On the other hand, if you know you’re going to need a medical service that will cause you to meet the out-of-pocket maximum on any plan, it may be less costly overall to go with a higher deductible and lower premiums — there are different solutions that work for different situations.
If you are eligible for Medicare, one helpful resource for comparing options is the Medicare Plan Finder tool. Plan Finder helps consumers compare all types of Medicare options (Medigap and Medicare Part D vs. Medicare Advantage coverage), including the cost of premiums and out-of-pocket expenses.
If you are comparing health plan options where you are employed, your human resources department may point you to online tools that help compare plan options. These tools help consumers evaluate the types of healthcare services they might need over the plan year and help them choose a plan that makes the best financial sense for the employee and any dependents covered under the policy. If you are buying insurance through the health insurance marketplace, the federal exchange (HealthCare.gov) or your state’s independently-run exchange will help you review the available options and compare their costs. Check out our overview of health insurance marketplaces by state for information on the exchange used in each state. Click on your state on the interactive map at the top of the page, which will take you to detailed, state-specific information.
Once you’ve enrolled in a health plan, your ID card will typically have the deductible amount (and any copay amounts) printed on it for easy reference.
What is a typical deductible?
Deductibles can vary significantly from plan to plan. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), the 2020 average deductible for individual, employer-provided coverage was $1,644 ($2,295 at small companies vs. $1,418 at large companies). KFF reported the average 2021 deductible for marketplace plans sold via HealthCare.gov, (combined for medical and prescription drugs) by metal rating: $6,921 for Bronze plans, $4,816 for Silver plans, $1,641 for Gold plans, and $0 for Platinum plans.
High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) have become common. Typically, a healthcare plan with a higher deductible will have a lower premium, while a plan with a lower deductible will have a higher premium. For 2021, the IRS defines an HDHP as one with a minimum deductible of $1,400 for individual coverage or $2,800 for family coverage. HDHPs can have higher deductibles, although they’re more limited than other plans in terms of total out-of-pocket caps: In 2021, an HDHP’s maximum out-of-pocket can’t exceed $7,000 for an individual or $14,000 for a family (versus $8,550 and $17,100 for other types of coverage).
